Analyzing The Work Of Kayson Maciel Andrews - 776 Words

Discussion After observing, communicating with, and analyzing the work of Kayson Maciel-Andrews, I have learned many things about working with advanced students in a low-achieving classroom. At my internship site, we have a very low population of talented and gifted students, less than 2%, and therefore, getting the opportunity to work closely with one of these students was a very unique opportunity for me. Before my child study, I had a feeling that advanced students were not being adequately challenged at my school; however, I completely underestimated the degree of boredom these students experience. It was very eye-opening to observe how quickly Kayson completed his classwork and then the amount of time he spent engaged in non-academic activities. Kayson often spent as much of 20 minutes engaged in non-academic conversations and â€Å"free drawing† because he completed his work so much quicker than the other students in the classroom. Any behavioral issues that Kayson had w ere attributed to his lack of boredom in the classroom. When he was scolded for talking with other students during work time, it was usually due to the fact that he finished early and did not have anything else to do. Another thing that surprised me during this child study was the gap of social development in the students in Kayson’s first-grade class. During my observation, I got to see both sides of the spectrum in terms of proper social behavior. In the lunchroom, I observed the students at

The Marquise De Rouge With Her Sons Alexis And Adrien

The Marquise de Pezay, and the Marquise de Rougà © with Her Sons Alexis and Adrien is oil on canvas painting by artist Élisabeth Louise Vigà ©e Le Brun in 1787. This painting comes from the later part of the 18th century called Neoclassicism. The overall painting measures at exactly 123.4 x 155.9 cm (48 9/16 x 61 3/8 in.), while the frame measures at 177.8 x 203.2 x 19.1 cm (70 x 80 x 7 1/2 in.). The figures are well arranged close to each other, on the left in her blue elegant gown is the Marquise de Pezay and on the right in her red gown is the Marquise de Rougà © with Her Sons Alexis and Adrien. The 18th century draws upon a number of things; the earlier part of the 18th century was dominated by the stylistic period called the rococo which was a cultural reaction. The later of the 18th century which was dominate by the neoclassicism style, which was a political reaction against the environment of aristocratic and royal France. This painting is a prime example of the counter movement from the French monarchy in an attempt to deceit the French people. The French monarchy wanted to be seen as if they are caring bunch when instead they were living their luxurious lifestyle in the comfort of their beautiful home and only catering to people in the same class as the majority of French people are working tirelessly on the fields. On a garden background, Vigà ©e Le Brun painted two of her faithful friends, the Marquise de Pezay and the Marquise de Rougà © who is surrounded by both of her

Renaissance free essay sample

Renaissance was a time of rebirth of the studies of the Greeks and Romans, as well as the start of new ideas. Some ideas that were created in the Renaissance include: individualism, secularism and humanism. Individualism was the concept of the individual and the belief to be able to reach the best of its abilities. Secularism is enjoying worldly affairs, which took after the Roman’s epicureanism. Lastly, the concept of humanism which is the study of human nature. All three of these ideas were ideal to the purposes and values of education throughout the Renaissance. These ideas were useful to the people as well as caused them damage. Thus, education and its purposes and values were argued hotly throughout the Renaissance. Some of the main arguments were education for upper class, education for all, and criticizing education over all. Some Renaissance men argued that education should be for the upper class or people who wish to attempt to be part of the upper class. They believed the upper class was the only people that needed an education since they were at the top. Some men who believed this were Castiglione, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, and John Amos Comenius. Castiglione wrote a book to the courtiers describing how a courtier should behave. This book, The Courtier, was used by upper class for three hundred years to teach their kids about manners and behaviors. Castiglione suggests that a courtier should be well-rounded in his studies and be â€Å"passably learned in the humanities, in the Latin poets, orators and historians† (Doc. 3). Compared to a lower class male, Castiglione believes the upper class needs more education. Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini was an Italian humanist who later became pope. He describes that education is needed on high class, especially a prince or any ruler (Doc. 1). John Amos Comenius stressed the importance of education and university; which, back then, university was more for the upper class since they can afford it. He believed the only useful education was university (Doc. 13). As more time passed by, the percentages of justices of the peace who attended university increased. More men started getting an education and becoming part of the upper class. Francesco Guicciardini was an Italian statesman and historian. When he was young he never took education seriously, but as he grew older he regret it and wished he paid more attention. He talks about that if he had a great education he could have â€Å"opened the way to the favor of princes and sometimes to great profit and honor†. He believed that if he had a great education he could have been in the upper class (Doc. 6). This shows that many people argued strongly about the purpose and value of education was for the upper class or to attempt to be part of the upper class. Other Renaissance men believed that education should be for all. This idea was practiced more in the Northern Renaissance than the Italian Renaissance but it was still used in both. An example of Northern Renaissance men that hold this idea would be Desiderius Erasmus and a man from the School Ordinances. He wrote the Praise of Folly which was a satire against the church. Erasmus was also known for his strong belief in education and institution (Doc. 4). A man from the School Ordinances believed everyone should go to school so they can learn discipline and to be afraid of god. I think this view point is strange since this man is telling this to a pastor and a pastor wouldn’t like the idea of teaching kids to be afraid of god (Doc. 7). Examples of Italian Renaissance men who hold this idea would be Battista Guarino. Battista Guarino believed learning and training in virtue is the true meaning of humanist and that this property pursuits all of mankind (Doc. 2). The values and purposes of education was to reach a wider variety and attempt to give education to all. Lastly, another group of Renaissance men argued intensively that the values and purposes of Renaissance education was useless and pointless. John Brinsley was an English schoolmaster and he believed that when adolescents went to school, they â€Å"have little sense of the meaning and true use of learning†. He claims that all they know is how to write in Latin which â€Å"no one will want to read† (Doc. 10). In a letter from an unknown man to the Parlement of Dijon, he says, â€Å"the study of literature is appropriate only to a small minority of men† (Doc. 11). He goes on to say that more hard-working bodies are needed than dreamy and contemplative spirits. Michel de Montaigne was a French essayist and politician. He called the educational system absurd and accused the cause of the selection of books was due to which one sounds the best not which one has the best facts (Doc. 8). John Amos Comenius believed education was pointless until university. He stressed the importance of education in university, which was usually the upper class who went to university. He criticized and emphasized the unimportance of education before university greatly (Doc. 13). The values and purposes of education were discussed and argued greatly throughout the Renaissance. The main arguments were education for upper class, education for all, and criticizing education over all. Castiglione, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, and John Amos Comenius believed strongly in education for upper class. Desiderius Erasmus, a man from the School Ordinances, Battista Guarino believed in education for all. Lastly, John Brinsley, Michel de Montaigne, and, once again, John Amos Comenius criticized the education system strongly. All three topics are only a few of the many values and purposes of the education during the Renaissance.

Paganism vs. Christianity free essay sample

Paganism vs. Christianity Laura Roberts Student ID: 22970754 September 14, 2009 Liberty University Lynchburg, VA Laura Roberts Dr. Kenneth Hood PHIL 104 14 September 2009 Paganism vs. Christianity Just like any religion or tradition, there are many branches to each. According to the World Christian Encyclopedia, there are over 33,820 denominations of Christianity. (Answers. com, 2009) Paganism is defines as any religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism. (WordNet) With so many branches for both it would be difficult to compare all of them. For the purpose of this paper, we will look at the compare and contrast of Orthodox Christianity and Odinism. The birth of Christianity began 2000 years ago in Judea with the ministries of Jesus Christ. (AllAboutReligon. Org). While revolutionary, his teachings brought together his twelve disciples. Through the teachings of Jesus, society learned that salvation and humanity would come from God through him. This salvation would come about through the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. In Christianity it is believed Jesus must die for our sins so humanity does not have to. While Christianity began in Israel, Odinism is the religious faith of the Scandinavian and of the Norse. It is an old religion with roots prior to Christianity. With the coming of Christianity, Odinism endured a period of dual faith; following both Odinism and Christianity, and then eventually breaking away from Christianity standing on its own merits. (The Odinic Rite) Christianity is a monotheist religion in which, they believe in only one true god. Throughout the Bible, this belief has been revisited several times. In Deuteronomy 32:39 it says, â€Å"See now that I, I am He, and there is no god besides Me and in Isaiah 46:9, I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is no one like Me. In Isaiah 46 it also says that false Gods are useless which is evident in Isaiah 46:1, â€Å"Bel and Nebo bow down. Their idols are carried by animals. The statues are only heavy loads that must be carried; they only make people tired. † On the opposite side of the scale is Odinism with the polytheist belief; more than one God. Odinist not only believes in multiple Gods but also multiple Goddesses. There are fifteen deities; Odin (chief of the Gods), Frigga (wife of Odin and patroness of the hearth and home), Frey (one of the Vanir given to the Aesir to end the war between the two and the patron of wealth and fertility), Freya (Frey’s sister and patroness of female fertility and prosperity), Thor (wields a hammer defending the Asgard and men), Heimdall (watches the Asgard’s gate and blows the Gjallar horn to warn the Aesir), Tyr (patron of honor, courage, and justice), Ull ( kenning for Odin), Loki ( trickster god married to Sygni), Bragi ( poet of the gods), Baldur (Bright one slain by Hodur who rest in Hel until he returns to rule the Earth), Hodur (struck Baldur with a dart made of mistletoe), Skadhi ( father killed by the Aesir and was offered a husband as compensation), Njord (a Vanir and father to Frey and Freya), and Mimir (Giant who owns the well of wisdom). (Shelter, p48-p51) Each God and Goddess contributes to the Odinist path. Christians believe that at Mt. Sinai God gave a set of laws to form a covenant. These set of laws are called The Ten Commandments and are as follows: â€Å" You must not have any other gods except me, you shall not make for yourself any carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate me, but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments, You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain, remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, or your son, or your daughter, or your manservant, or your maidservant, or your cattle, or your stranger who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it, honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land hich the Lord your God is giving you, you shall not murder, you shall n ot commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor, you shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s. (Exodus 20:1-17) Through these commandments, Christians’ know they govern the relationship of God and anyone who loves him. These are not just commandments sent by God but, a set of moral law. (Lucado, p21) Odinist does not have a set of commandments or moral law like Christians. The closest thing they have to compare is the Nine Noble Virtues; courage, truth, honor, fidelity, discipline, hospitality, industriousness, self-reliance, and perseverance. Rabe, 2000) Just as the Ten Commandments are self-explanatory so are these virtues. With courage, you do what is right in spite of your fears both physically and morally. Odinist believe lying is the path of coward and in ge neral it is better to be honest, than technical truthful while being deceptive. (Shelter, p18) With honor, do what you say and fulfill your obligations. Fidelity is supporting your kin no matter what. Industrious and self-reliance goes hand in hand. Working hard provides for you and your kin. It also prevents asking for charity and becoming a burden on society. Asking for help is not unconceivable but it is kept to a minable and always paid back. Along with the Nine Nobel Virtues, Odinist also follow the six-fold goal; right (the right path), wisdom (think about what you are doing and learn from what you have done), might (physical strength, political strength, financial strength, and intellectual strength), harvest (use all that life offers), frith (obligation of what is owed to kin and community in regards to your actions) and love (love and joy in life). (Hofbok, 1998) The Bible is a collection of books that the Christians study and learn from. It is composed of sixty-six books and has two major sections; the old and the New Testament. In the Old Testament, the thirty-nine books consist of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth,1 2 Samuel, 1 2 Kings, 1 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi while the New Testament contains twenty-seven books including; Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude and Revelation. In the Bible the text written in red is said to be God himself speaking. (Christian Answers. net, 2005) While Odinist does not have a Bible per say, they do have something somewhat similar. They have the Elder and Younger Eddas. These Eddas are a form of manuscript written during and after Christianization. http://www.allaboutreligion.org/history-of-christianity-in-africa-faq.htm http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18947 https://uk.ask.com/?o=0l=dirad=SEO http://www.christiananswers.net/ http://coredogs.com/lesson/wanderingdog-users.html https://forums.skadi.net/archive/index.php?t-102479.html http://www. paganlibrary. com/ https://wordnet.princeton.edu/

Big Bang Theory Essays (1197 words) - Religious Controversies, Magic

Big Bang Theory 1. The most obvious unscientific theory that I can think of today, would be religion. Religion is possibly one of the biggest influences in our lives, and there is no scientific way to even prove that it exists. I asked a few friends of mine, who are religious, why they believe in a God. The first that I asked hemmed and hawed and when I finally had to threaten him to spit out an answer, he said, "I don't know." The next person I asked answered a little more intelligently by saying, "I just don't believe that we all came here without any divine help. I don't believe in the Big Bang theory, and believing in God fills in a lot of gaps for me." None of the people I spoke with fit this next category, but I believe that there is one last group of people who practice religion. These people practice it because they really believe in God, and many claim to be able to "feel" him. I am not saying any of these people are right or wrong, but I can say that none of them can prove there is a god. This belief is not empirically verifiable, nor is it testable. The first group who practice religion just because it is the socially expedient thing to do, do not worry about justifying whether or not there is a god. He just knows that he is expected to show up in church on Sunday. The second group who believes in religion over the Big Bang theory, or look to religion for answers that Science cannot answer yet aren't any closer. They see two possibilities for how we got here. There is the Big Bang theory, or this God thing. They really don't believe in the Big Bang theory, so that must mean the other alternative, God, must be right. The last group that really believes in God has no proof either. They say, "I feel God with me!" How do they know that it is in fact God that they are feeling. Maybe their lunch didn't set well with them. They feel something, don't know exactly what it is, and come to assume that it is God. 2. This next example of an unscientific system is one that is no longer practiced, but it is a perfect example of the ignorance of humans and their willingness to embrace anything that will make them feel superior. Back in Mid evil times, people would burn women at the stake who had different ideas then the societal norm. They would call these women witches. How does one prove another a witch? In this time period, any woman found thinking differently from society, would be branded a witch and burned at the stake. By these standards how many woman today would be witches. I think far more then I can imagine. It is funny, almost comical trying to imagine the mindset of the people who did these things long ago. I can just see someone thinking, " Ok, so, she's not like me, she's not like everyone else....so, that must make her different. Ok, so if she's different from me, and I'm normal, what could she be. She must be a Witch!!!!" Once again there is no empirical evidence proving her a witch, and there is no way they could prove her a witch. Some tried to prove it by creating tests, like throwing the "witch" into a lake and if she doesn't try to swim she isn't a witch, and if she tries to swim to stay alive, she is a witch. It is downright hilarious. There is no real way to test if she is a witch. This was just societies very unscientific system of weeding out people who did not fit their norms. Logic Test 1. The most obvious unscientific theory that I can think of today, would be religion. Religion is possibly one of the biggest influences in our lives, and there is no scientific way to even prove that it exists. I asked a few friends of mine, who are religious, why they believe in a God. The first that I asked hemmed and hawed and when I finally had to threaten him to spit out an answer, he said, "I don't know." The next person I asked answered a little more intelligently by saying, "I just don't believe that we all came here without any divine help. I don't believe in the Big Bang theory,

Placing the Verb Before the Subject in Spanish

Placing the Verb Before the Subject in Spanish As in English, the most common word order in Spanish for the main parts of a sentence is for the main verb to follow the subject, that is, the noun that performs the action of the verb. For example, the following sentences follow the normal pattern: El hombre canta. (The man sings. In this sentence, hombre/man is the subject noun, and canta/sings is the verb.)El aà ±o fue especialmente clido.  (The year was especially hot. Aà ±o/year is the subject noun, and fue/was is the verb.) However, in Spanish it is much more common than in English for that word order to be reversed, for there to be an inversion. In general, Spanish is more flexible in where parts of the sentence can be located. This lesson deals specifically with placing the subject after the verb. Here are those most common cases where this phenomenon appears: Inversion of Subject-Verb Order in Questions and Exclamations When a question begins with an interrogative word, also known as a question word, a verb typically comes next, followed by the noun. This pattern is common in English as well, but not as common as in Spanish.  ¿Dà ³nde pueden encontrar informacià ³n los diabà ©ticos? (Where can diabetics find information? Diabà ©ticos/diabetics is the subject of the sentence, while the compound verb is pueden encontrar/can find.) ¿Cundo va à ©l al mà ©dico? (When is he going to the doctor?) ¿Quà © son los cromosomas?  ¿Cuntos tenemos los humanos?  (What are chromosomes? How many do we humans have?) When an interrogative word begins an exclamation, the subject also follows the verb:  ¡Quà © desnudos son los rboles! (How bare the trees are!) ¡Cuntos errores cometià ³ à ©l!  (What a lot of mistakes he made!) When a question doesnt include an interrogative pronoun, and the verb isnt modified by an object or an adverbial phrase the standard word order typically is retained:  ¿Se graduà ³ en la universidad? (He graduated from the university?) ¿Va a tener un bebà ©? (She is going to have a baby?) But if the verb isnt modified by an object or phrase, the inverted order is typically used: Son amigos o desconocidos? (Are they friends or strangers?)Desaparecieron tus primos? (Did your cousins disappear?) Changing Word Order Because of Adverbs Because Spanish likes to keep adverbs close to the verbs they modify, the noun can be placed after the verb when the adverb (or adverbial phrase, as in the third example below) comes before the verb. Siempre me decà ­a mi madre que en la vida se recoge lo que se siembra. (My mother always told me that in life you reap what you sow. In the first part of the sentence, the subject mi madre follows the verb decà ­a, which is kept close to the adverb siempre.)Asà ­ era la Internet en la dà ©cada de los 90. (Thats how the Internet was in the 90s.)Cuando era nià ±o me maltrataron muchà ­simo mis padres. (When I was a boy my parents mistreated me a lot.)Con permiso salià ³ la mujer con el coche de mi padre. (With permission, the woman left with my fathers car.) Verbs of Existence Usually Go First The verbs haber (when it isnt used to form a perfect tense) and existir can be used to indicate that something exists. They are nearly always followed by the subject: Existen muchos mitos alrededor del sida. (There are many myths surrounding AIDS.)Solo hay dos opciones. (There are only two choices.)Una vez habà ­a tres hermanos que vivà ­an juntos. (Once there were three brothers who lived together.) Inverting Word Order To Indicate Whos Speaking In English, you can say either Its difficult, Paula said or Its difficult, said Paula, although the former is more common. In Spanish, the latter variation - Es difà ­cil, dijo Paula - is nearly always used. The inverted order is also used with verbs other than decir that indicate what a person is saying or thinking. Eso est muy bien, contestà ³ el presidente. (Thats very fine, the president answered.)Es sà ³lo un sueà ±o, pensà ³ la nià ±a.  (Its only a dream, the girl thought.)-  ¡Bueno, bueno, basta ya! - gritaba el hombre. (Good, good, thats enough now! the man was shouting.) Using Verbs Such as Gustar Gustar is an unusual verb in that it is used almost exclusively in sentences that follow an indirect object gustar subject pattern. Thus in Me gusta la manzana (usually translated as I like the apple rather than the more literal the apple is pleasing to me), the verb gusta is followed by the subject la manzana. Similar verbs  include faltar (to be lacking), importar (to be important), encantar (to delight), molestar (to bother), doler (to cause pain), and quedar (to remain). A las vacas les gusta la mà ºsica de acordeà ³n. (Cows like accordion music. Although cows is the subject in the English translation, mà ºsica is the subject in Spanish.)Ya no me importa el dinero. (Money still isnt important to me.)Me duele la cabeza solo en el lado derecho. (My head aches only on the right side.) Inverting Word Order for Emphasis It is seldom grammatically wrong in Spanish  (although it can be awkward) to place almost any verb before its subject noun. When done, it is usually for emphasis or some kind of effect. De repente me escuchà ³ mi madre. (At once my mother listened to me. Here the speaker may be placing emphasis on the listening. It is also possible that the speaker is emphasizing the suddenness of the verbs action, so the adverbial phrase de repente comes first and is kept close to the verb. )Aprendimos de ellos y aprendieron ellos de nosotros. (We learned about them and they learned about us. Here the speaker may be subconsciously avoiding the awkwardness of ellos y ellos, which would be the normal word order.)Un aà ±o ms tarde, el 8 de abril de 1973, fallecià ³ Picasso. (One year later, on April 18, 1973, Picasso died. The subject often follows forms of fallecer and the synonym morir in journalistic writing.) Key Takeaways Spanish, like English, usually places the subject of a sentence before its verb. In Spanish, however, is is more common to change the order for reasons that include both meaning and style.Perhaps the most common reason for changing to a verb-subject word order is to form questions that use an interrogative pronoun.Sometimes the verb is placed before the subject to give the verb added emphasis.

Should Teenagers be subject to the Death Penalty Research Paper

Should Teenagers be subject to the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Hence, the idea of death penalty as a deterrent to crime becomes quite controversial. Most of the countries have ceased applying death sentences to deter crime. Today, more than half of the nations across the world have stopped death penalty either by rule or through practice. They have reported that death sentence is not a solution to deter crime. The social and economic environment of the criminal directs crime. The first nations to have put an end to capital punishment were Venezuela, San Marino, and Costa Rica in the mid-nineteenth century. Other countries like Yugoslavia, Montenegro Serbia, Turkey and Chile have also abolished death penalties from 2000. Executions are prevalent in China, Saudi Arabia and the United States of America. (The European Union is united against Capital Punishment, 2007). The sentencing of youths who have been convicted of violent crimes to execution again depends on the extent of atrocity of the crime. The Juvenile Courts have long protected most of th e young offenders from the full-fledged application of criminal law and have also allowed them to enjoyment of their special rights and immunities. The special rights mainly include protection from publicity, imprisonment only to 21 years of age, no imprisonment with adults, and shelter from the consequences of adult punishment like the loss of civil entitlements, the exercise of adjudication against the juvenile convict in the following proceedings and debarment from public employment. The reason for drafting such rights and immunities is to provide the young convict with guidance and rehabilitation so as to ensure the child’s future as well as the protection of the society. Nevertheless, there are some youngsters who are extremely perilous and do not respond to efforts taken to reform them. The use of death penalty under such circumstances would actually depend on the nature of the crime and on the mental state of the offender. However, giving another scope to the youth to rectify and straighten oneself out is desirable (Laurence and Scott, 2003, pp. 1009-1018). Human rights groups have constantly argued against the death penalty inflicted upon a juvenile offender on the grounds of immaturity and vulnerability of impulse. This has especially taken a positive turn after the mentally retarded people were barred from such penalties (Bender, 2002, p. 20). Public consensus already has spoken against the death penalty for juvenile offenders. For instance, a Chicago survey of 2001 showed that while 62 percent favored death penalty for capital crimes, only 34 percent support the same for the teenagers under 18 years of age. The present research centers on the death penalty inflicted upon teenagers and attempts to argue against the moral and practical viability of such steps taken. B. Problem Statement and Purpose The execution or imposition of death penalty on offenders with mental retardation is against the prohibition of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishmentà ¢â‚¬  as enforced by the Constitution. The three states of US, Texas, Oklahoma and Virginia have carried out 82 percent of all the death penalties in the nation (American Bar Association, 2004, p. 2). Human rights groups and the director of Amnesty International argue that even the imposition of death penalty on teenage offenders was unconstitutional. Hence death penalty might lead to contradiction of human rights especially in case of children or teenagers despite the adults who might be responsible for the actions of the vulnerable,

The Debate about Quasi-Military Style Policing Essay

The Debate about Quasi-Military Style Policing - Essay Example As such, this effective red-tape that hinders the proper working of the police force is a common problem across the world. In this context, it is also important to note that most police departments operate as quasi military entities. Police personnel wear uniforms, carry weapons for self defense and are organized along the hierarchical structure described above according to their rank. As such, an officer within this chain functions under a authority in which the orders flow in a single direction i.e., top to bottom. Like the case with the military, the police have often abused their powers and have resorted to various crimes apart from being riddled with corruption in various forms. As such, the military model of this quasi structured organization has created problems. By deeming that anything against crime is genuine, police can often embrace the belief that anything in justified in a war like situation. This not only leads to violence as a result of the abuse of power by police officers, but can also create serious rifts between them and the general population. However, despite these negative traits, a police force performs several important duties that are important for the maintenance of law and order and to keep crime under check if not do away with it completely. The police department, through its ranks, operates in an organized fashion and maintains control during occasions where a large number of people come out to interact with one another. Likewise, the police department maintains an intelligence arm much like its military counterpart and gathers information about the events and trends in the local area, allowing its decision makers to make the proper and timely choices necessary to keep illegal elements within check. Further, it is this very quasi static structure that provides the necessary structure that allows several

Intention and Motive in Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intention and Motive in Criminal Law - Essay Example The prosecutor can argue that his wife had the motive even though he may not have evidence to prove the case. Intent may be defined as acts that go before the actual crime and these acts then merge with the crime. Mohan (1975) defines intent as 'decision to bring about despite the fact that the accused wanted the consequence of his actions or not'. Intent can occur at the same time as the act or it can occur suddenly before the crime. A good example of intent is possession of a pistol by an accused in the case that he/she is facing violence with robbery charges. Possession of this weapon shows that this person had the intent of committing robbery with violence. Motive cannot be seen in the commission of the crime while intent can. When a criminal act has been committed, then it can be presumed that the person had the intention of committing the act. Take an example of someone who was seen carrying a firearm and pointing it to another, it can be said that this person had the intention of committing the crime because the most natural result of this action would be a crime. However, defendants can deny this by claiming that the accused thought that the weapon was a toy and did not intend on committing a crime. (Smith, 1998) Motive alone is not sufficient to convict while intent may be sufficient to cause conviction. Motive comes in handy when a given case does not have concrete evidence. This means that a judge may not have any other issue to fall back on except motive and may consequently pronounce an accused guilty or innocent depending on the which side can prove presence of motive. R v. Cunningham [1957 ER 863] it was held that the defendant was not guilty because the defendant was not aware of the effect of his actions and therefore did not have motive. However, intent is an element that must be proved in most crimes before judgement is passed. This means that the prosecutor must show that the person accused had the knowledge that he/she was committing a crime. These kinds of crimes are called general intent crimes. Some examples of such crimes include false imprisonment, rape, battery and kidnapping. In R v. Windle [1952 2 QB 826] A person was accused of murder after he gave his wife a hundred tablet of aspirin. However, the accused suffered from a mental disease and was not aware of the consequence of his actions. But this same person later told police that he knew they were going to hang him or it. The accused was found guilty because he understood what he was doing and therefore had intent. There are also other cases that require the defence team to prove that intent was specific. This means that there must be evidence independent from the commission of the act that shows that the person had the intention of committing crime. Some examples of crimes that require defence to prove specific intent are embezzlement, burglary, assault, forgery, conspiracy, false pretence, solicitation and first degree murder that were pre meditated. DPP vs. Majewski [1977 AC 433] Majewski was accused of causing bodily harm to members of a pub. This same person was drank and defence could not prove specific intent. It was held that he was not guilty. To every rule, there must be an exception. There are some crimes that fall under strict liability laws. These crimes do not require intent for conviction. These laws stipulate that the act is criminal whether or not the person who committed the crime had the intention

The Juvenile Probation System Criminology Essay

The Juvenile Probation System Criminology Essay The first Juvenile Court Statistic report was published in the year 1929 (1927 data was used). Since that time probation became an overwhelming choice of family and juvenile court judges. During the past years, the National Center for Juvenile Justice (NCJJ) published reports which parts contain the description of the profession of probation. The official obligations of the juvenile probation professionals are various. Duties in one state are different from the duties in another one and even from one jurisdiction to another within a state. Nevertheless, let us try to mention the basic functions of juvenile probation: To in take the screening of those cases which refer to family court and juvenile; To present or predispose investigation of juveniles; To supervise according to the court order the juvenile offenders. Nevertheless, not every of the probation departments execute every function independently. For example, the prosecutor in some jurisdictions shares the responsibility of in-take process with the probation officer; the prosecutor of other jurisdiction has sole in take responsibility. Thus, according to Maloney, Romig, Armstrong (1988), there are no severe limitations for the probation responsibilities for investigation, in take, and supervision. Some departments suggest after care for juveniles who were released from an institution, while other departments could manage local residential facilities or administer detention or different special programs as well. Talking about the juvenile probation we need to understand clearly what is it and what goals it supposes to achieve. Juvenile probation is the most widely used and the oldest mean that is helping render a range of court ordered services. Probation could be used at the front end of the juvenile justice system for low risk offenders, first time offenders; also it could be used at the back end like an alternative mean for more serious offenders instead institutional confinement. Sometimes the probation could be voluntary. In this case young people should agree to accomplish the period of non formal probation instead of formal adjudication. Often, the juvenile that was once adjudicated and ordered formally to a term of the probation should submit to the conditions of the probation which were established by the court. Shortly, we can give probation the following definition: it is a supervision program that was created by law; this program is ordered by the court if a case involves a youth that were found guilty in committing a delinquent act. Moreover, according to Torbet (1996), it is a legal status that is limiting the freedom of the young peoples activity and restricted instead of commitment to the Department of juvenile Justice Custody. When a young person is placed on probation the person should have the court ordered services and sanctions complete. The young people should accomplish all special conditions considered appropriate by the court and with those mandatory sanctions that are related to the offence, in addition to the common conditions of probation. Umbreit (1989) added that, for instance, a young person could be ordered to work community service hours; also a person could pay money to the victim according to the order (in case if the victim was suffered losses or was harmed as an effect of the crime). The young offenders also could be ordered to attend counseling and to submit to an evaluation. In some cases if the offence warrants, the offender should submit a biological specimen for the testing DNA. The young people could be ordered to attend a probation day treatment program or to be ordered to abide by the curfew as a special condition of the juvenile probation. There are some day treatment programs which provide some spare additional monitoring of the youth and also offer typically alternative educational settings. The additional services like anger management classes, substance abuse education and social skills building could be provided. We can see that first of all the juvenile probation program requires the young people to put their efforts on trying to correct themselves. However, we need to remember that we are talking here about very young people. Schaffner, Shick Stein (1997) declared that they are not completely adults yet and they depend on their parent in many ways (for example, psychologically) whether they want to accept it or not. That is why we do not need to forget about the responsibility of parents. Juvenile probation officers expect that adults who are close to the young offenders (like guardian assistances and parents) would assist and encourage the young people to submit the sanctions of Probation. According to statistical data presented by Bilchik (1996), The 1.5 million delinquency cases handled by juvenile courts in 1993 represented a 23-percent increase from 1989. Similarly, the number of juvenile cases placed on probation (either formally or informally) increased 21 percent, from 428,500 in 1989 to 520,600 in 1993. The growth in probation caseloads was directly related to the general growth in referrals to juvenile courts. The likelihood of a probation disposition did not change, because judges did not increase the rate at which they used probation as a disposition. During this same period, the number of adjudicated cases placed on formal probation increased 17 percent, from 216,900 to 254,800, and the number of cases involving a person offense (homicide, rape, robbery, assault, kidnapping, etc.) resulting in formal probation increased 45 percent. What if the probation is violated by the youth? A young person that is placed on probation is assigned a Juvenile Probation Officer. The Officer monitors compliance with the services and sanctions that are ordered by the court. According to Brookins Hirsch (2002), the order of the court determines that parents or guardian of the young person are obliged to report every case of violation of the order by the child to the court and to the Juvenile Probation Officer. Thus, the guardian or the parents of the offender and the Juvenile Probation Officer should work together to make the court order enforced. If the young offender fails to complete the sanctions that are imposed by the court or violates the conditions of the probation, a Violation of Probation is going to be filed. If the court found out the case of the violation it could impose the sentence like for example placement in the Department of Juvenile Justice residential facility or it could revoke probation. What do we know about the process of the commitment and release? After releasing the person from the commitment program, he or she could stay under the supervision of the Conditional Release or the Post Commitment Probation. These two types of the supervision have the following requirement to the young people: they suppose to adhere to the special conditions, which are similar to the condition of the probation. The court does not get involved in to the Conditional Release supervision if the violations occur. Corriero (2006) stated that in this sense the Conditional Release supervision is administrative and all cases of violation should be handled with the help of an administrative hearing that is facilitated by the department workers. Violations of probation and violations of the Post Commitment should be handled in the same way. This two types of violations can effect in re commitment to some higher restrictiveness residential program. Concluding the information we have discussed in this paper we should to mark that the juvenile probation system was based for to help youth to overcome the effects of an offence and to correct their further life. Juvenile probation officers are ready to do keep doing their work in no depends of danger. We need to appreciate their trying in making the society better and to help young people continue their lives in the right direction. Also it is important to mention one more time that the help and the positive influence of guardians and parents is required. The Juvenile Probation program would not be so successful if parent and other adults close to the offenders do not want to put efforts on helping them. Summarizing the conditions of the success the Juvenile Probations success, we can mention that efforts of both young offenders and adults around them are required. Sometimes it is hard to believe that this or another young person is able to become a good citizen and even parent can lose the hope in their children. However, juvenile probation officers believe that they can do something for those youth. It means that the society also should believe in better and help the officers in their uneasy job and pay attention to the positive results of it.

Biofuel: Ethanol Alternative to Transportation Essay -- Politics Oil

Biofuel: Ethanol Alternative to Transportation For the past three decades Oil dominates the agenda of political discussion. With scares over price volatility, sizes of reserves, international imports and least of which are the environmental impacts due to carbon dioxide and other emissions. Various speculations and educated guesses place our total depletion of crude oil within the next 50 years and there is a general consensus between environmentalists that we steer toward a hydrogen transportation system given the projected work and nonexistent carbon dioxide emissions (Environmental Technologies class lecture, Santa Clara University). However many barriers stand in the way of attaining such a goal, most of which pertaining to the conservative nature of society. Society works in intermediary changes, a series of steps that blend rather than abandon one method of living for another. The option 22 states have chosen, is ethanol a combustive liquid fuel that could progressively move the United States toward a clean and su stainable environment and economy. Ethanol is an alcohol molecule consisting of two carbon molecules and six hydrogen molecules. Ethanol production in the United States results as a chemical byproduct from our most abundant food stock†¦ corn. Through four well known and commonly practiced chemical processes, Hydrolysis, Fermentation, Distillation and Dehydration. Hydrolysis is used to break down the corn into simple sugars which when added to yeast in the second processes of Fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide (http://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/abc_biofuels.html). The final two processes of distillation and dehydration merely removes sediment and waters that result from production o... ...gy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S. Department of Energy. http://www.eere.energy.gov/. 4/29/2004. 7)â€Å"Increasing America’s Use of Renewable and Alternative Energy.† U.S. Department of Energy. â€Å"Nature’s Power† Ch. 6 pp. 1-18. 8)National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition. Purchasing Guide for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles. www.E85Fuel.com. 9)Rezendes, Victor S. â€Å"Gasohol: Federal Agencies’ Use of Gasohol Limited by High Prices and Other Factors.† United States General Accounting Office. Gaithersburg, MD. December 1994. 10)Shapouri, Hosein; Duffield, James A.; Wang, Michael. â€Å"The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update.† United States Printing Office. Washington, D.C. July 2002. 11)Shapouri, Hosein; Duffield, James A.; Wang, Michael. â€Å"USDA’s 1998 U.S. Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey.† United States Printing Office. Washington D.C. January 2002.

Storm Born Chapter Twenty-One

I shot up, anger coursing through my body as I stared at that smug face. A heavy, bejeweled crown sat atop his brown hair, and he wore a close-fitting black satin dinner jacket. â€Å"Don't look at me like that, Lady Markham,† he told me in a voice both pleasant and hostile. â€Å"Dorian will not protect you if you start trouble in his home, no matter how advantageous you are as a lover.† â€Å"Fine. I'll just have to kill you somewhere else.† â€Å"Your plan didn't work so well last time.† â€Å"Neither did yours.† He leered. â€Å"That dress is exquisite, you know. It outlines every part of your body beautifully.† I crossed my arms instinctually. â€Å"Don't waste my time with compliments.† â€Å"Just tossing in my own bid for your body, just like everyone else here.† â€Å"Yeah? Haven't you paid attention? None of their compliments have worked either.† â€Å"Bah. They're petty lordlings and leeches scraping for power,† he said with a sneer. â€Å"The general consensus is that you've refused everyone simply because you've yet to be approached by anyone worthy.† He cut a glance at Kiyo as he spoke. â€Å"Or maybe because I'm with Dorian. Not that it makes any difference. I'd fuck that trowe over there before I'd go anywhere near you.† â€Å"I think I'd like to see that, especially considering he comes to your knees.† â€Å"If this is the part where you tell me how well-endowed you are, save it. There's nothing you can say that would get me near your bed, so just give it up and leave.† His features hardened, a cold and sardonic smirk turning up his lips. â€Å"I suppose I can't argue with that. Not that it matters. I won't be alone tonight.† He stepped aside, just barely, and inclined his head. I followed the motion across the room. Jasmine Delaney stood among a group of gentry nobles. She was watching us, an unreadable look on her face. A long dress, heavy with brocade and jewels, draped her slight form, and her gray eyes looked even more enormous than last time. I clenched my fists, remembering the look on my mom's face when she described her captivity. Wil's picture of a lonely girl, lost in her fantasy world, circled around my mind. â€Å"I will kill you, you bastard. But first I'll make sure you beg me for it.† I sounded like Volusian. â€Å"Eugenie,† murmured Kiyo, laying a hand on my wrist. His voice was firm and cautionary. He apparently feared I'd do something stupid. It was a good fear. Aeson seemed unconcerned. â€Å"Those are kind of extreme measures, don't you think? Especially when there are much simpler ones.† â€Å"Such as?† He shrugged. â€Å"I'll turn her over to you tonight.† â€Å"Let me guess. If I go live with you instead?† â€Å"No such commitments. Come with me just for Beltane. One night, and both you and she walk free. Not a bad offer, especially since there are still a number of men out there plotting to carry you off for an extended period. Considering the other drivel that's approached you, you could do a lot worse. I'm powerful. Rich. Influential. A worthy consort.† I looked Aeson up from head to toe, glanced at the still-watching Jasmine, and then turned back to him. â€Å"I think I'd rather just kill you.† He gave me a mocking bow, face still hard. â€Å"I look forward to the attempt.† He started to walk away, then gave Kiyo a considering look. â€Å"I suppose you could pick worse men to father your child. This one's already proven he can do it.† Aeson swept away from us and headed back to his group. Sliding a possessive arm around Jasmine, he leaned over and kissed her hard, pressing her body up against his. With the difference in their heights, he looked like he was molesting a small child – which, I supposed, he actually was. Puberty be damned. The anger that sight inspired in me solidified into ice as I turned back around to face Kiyo. The look on his face made something inside of me curl up into a ball. â€Å"What's he talking about?† He started to open his mouth and then paused, apparently reconsidering what he wanted to say. My incredulity exploded. â€Å"Kiyo! This is where you tell me he's full of shit and you have no idea what he's talking about.† â€Å"Eugenie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he began slowly. â€Å"Oh, my God.† I turned around. The ice inside of me melted and made me queasy. â€Å"You have a kid you never told me about. You have a kid somewhere.† â€Å"No. Not yet.† I spun around. â€Å"What the hell is that supposed to – † I stopped. â€Å"Maiwenn. Maiwenn is pregnant.† Poor Maiwenn. Poor sick and weak Maiwenn. I'd heard a number of comments made about her condition and never questioned it. It was a sign of my distraction in the last month. Gentry didn't really get sick. They could get killed in battle, die from an infected wound, or die of old age. That was about it. Even now, looking across the room, I saw her sitting and talking with a few others. She was smiling but looked pale under her tan. The dress she wore was loose and voluminous. The one she'd worn at my house had been similar, albeit not made of silk. She wasn't currently showing off her body. â€Å"You should've told me,† I whispered. â€Å"Yes,† he said simply. â€Å"I should have.† â€Å"You should have told me!† I repeated, my voice loud and strained. Most of the room's noise muffled my cry, but a few people nearby gave us curious looks. â€Å"Shh.† Kiyo took my arm and steered us back toward the wall. â€Å"I was waiting. Things were so uncertain between us. I wanted to have a steady foundation before I told you.† â€Å"Did you ever consider that telling me now might help that ‘steady foundation'? What happened to all the honesty rhetoric?† â€Å"And how would you have taken it?† he asked quietly. â€Å"You've had a hard enough time knowing she and I were together at all.† â€Å"No, I haven't.† â€Å"Eugenie, I see it in your face whenever her name's mentioned.† â€Å"It doesn't matter. This is big.† He shook his head. â€Å"It happened in the past. She and I aren't together. We're friends now. You and I are together.† â€Å"So what? You're not going to do anything with this baby because you guys aren't together anymore?† â€Å"No! Of course not. I'll be there for the baby, and I'll support Maiwenn as much as that requires.† â€Å"Then that's not the past,† I snapped. â€Å"That's your future. My future too if you were planning on being with me.† His face turned even more sober than it had been. â€Å"You're right,† he said after several drawn-out moments. â€Å"It was wrong of me. I'm sorry. I thought I was protecting you.† I gave a harsh laugh that bordered dangerously on being a sob. â€Å"Yeah. Everyone wants to protect me lately. My parents did too. You guys think if I don't hear bad things, then they won't exist anymore. But you know what? They do still exist, and I do end up hearing them. And I wish to God that I could have heard them from the people I love first.† I turned and started walking away. Kiyo grabbed my shoulder. I tried to tug out of his grasp. â€Å"Don't touch me,† I warned. â€Å"We're done here.† â€Å"What are you saying?† â€Å"What do you think? You think I'm going to smile and forgive all this? I can barely forgive my parents, and I've known them my whole life. I've barely known you for a month. That doesn't really count for much.† He flinched. The hand on my shoulder dropped. â€Å"I see,† he said stiffly, face darkening. â€Å"Then I guess we are done here.† â€Å"Yeah.† We stood staring at each other, and where heat once had smoldered between us, only a lonely chasm remained. I turned on my heels and stormed across the room without even knowing where I went. Eager men approached me, but I brushed past them all, apparently showing the arrogance Shaya had said was expected of me. I just couldn't face them right now. It was too much. All of it. The crazy propositions. My so-called legacy. Aeson and Jasmine. Maiwenn and Kiyo. Oh, God, Kiyo. Why had he done this to me? I'd tried to write him off after our first night together, and he'd made me care about him again. Now it only hurt twice as much. The words from last night came back to me. You're mine. Apparently not. I stopped in the middle of the crowded ballroom floor with no clue where I was going. I'd gotten disoriented somehow and forgotten where the exit was. The throne was over there, so that meant – â€Å"Yo, Odile. Some party, huh?† My navigation attempts were interrupted by Finn's approach. I still hadn't adjusted to seeing him in his more humanlike Otherworldly form. â€Å"Finn! I need you to get me out of here.† He frowned. â€Å"You can't leave yet. Etiquette says – â€Å" â€Å"Fuck etiquette,† I snarled. â€Å"Get me out. I want to be alone.† His standard cheery expression faded. â€Å"Sure thing. Come on.† He led me not toward the main doors but rather to a small doorway tucked near a corner. Delicious smells wafted out from inside. This was some sort of back way to the kitchen. A number of scurrying servants gave us startled looks as we passed through twisting corridors and banks of ovens, but Finn moved with purpose, never breaking stride. People tend not to question if they think you know where you're going. With a flourish, he gestured me to a small alcove far from the bustle of the cooks. Hooks with cloaks and coats covered the walls, and I realized this must be where the staff had stashed their personal things. A small bench sat below the hooks. â€Å"Good enough?† Finn asked. â€Å"Yes. Thank you. Now go away.† I sat down and wrapped my arms around myself. â€Å"But shouldn't I – â€Å" â€Å"Just go, Finn.† I could hear the tears in my voice. â€Å"Please.† He gave me a mournful, almost hurt look and then walked away. The tears took a long time to come, and even then, they did so reluctantly. Only a couple streaked down my cheeks. I had felt helpless with the mud elemental, but this was a different kind of helplessness, one with mental, not physical, consequences. My heart ached inside for Kiyo, and my stomach burned with fury against Aeson. Neither ailment looked to have a remedy anytime soon. I don't know how long I sat there before Dorian came. I could only make out his shape in my periphery, but the scent of cinnamon gave him away. He sat down beside me for a long time, saying nothing. Finally, I felt his fingertip gently run along my cheek and wipe away one of the tears. â€Å"What can I do?† he asked. â€Å"Nothing. Not unless you'll let me break hospitality and go do some damage.† â€Å"Ah, sweet one, if that were possible, I would have long since strangled several of my nobles, lest I be forced to listen to more of their idiotic blather.† â€Å"What's the point of being a king, then?† â€Å"Not sure that there is one. The food maybe.† â€Å"You make a joke out of everything.† â€Å"Life's too painful not to.† â€Å"Yeah. I guess.† We lapsed into silence until Dorian called someone's name. A moment later, a small, harried servant appeared. â€Å"Bring us some of that chocolate cake Bertha made. Two slices.† The man hurried off. â€Å"I'm not hungry,† I mumbled. â€Å"You will be.† The cake arrived. It was one of those flourless kinds, so it was more like cake chocolate than chocolate cake. Raspberry sauce pooled around it. I found myself eating every bite. â€Å"Better?† Dorian asked. â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"You see? I told you it was the food.† I set the plate on the floor and tried to give voice to an idea that had slowly been percolating in the back of my head. An idea that probably would never have dared surface had I not been so furious at Aeson and Kiyo tonight. Indeed, it was Aeson's preposterous proposal that had reminded me of it. â€Å"Dorian?† â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"When we first met†¦you told me that if I slept with you, you'd go with me to get Jasmine. Does that offer still stand?† The first surprised look I'd ever seen on him crossed his face. I took a certain amount of pride in realizing I'd finally caught him off-guard. â€Å"My, my,† he said softly. â€Å"This is unexpected. So. Desperation and fury achieve what all my charms could not, hmm?† A flush spilled over my cheeks. â€Å"Well, no†¦it's not like – â€Å" â€Å"No,† he said abruptly. â€Å"The offer does not still stand.† â€Å"But I thought – â€Å" â€Å"I saw you fight with Aeson and the kitsune. I won't have you come to my bed out of some misguided sense of revenge on the two of them.† He was right in a way, I realized. This was my means of getting back at both them. Aeson for flaunting Jasmine. Kiyo for breaking my heart. â€Å"Please,† I said. â€Å"I'll do it. I-I don't mind. And anyway†¦I have to get Jasmine back. I can't handle her being with him anymore.† Dorian was quiet for a long time. Finally he said, â€Å"All right.† I snapped my head toward him. â€Å"You mean it?† â€Å"Certainly. We'll go back to my room and see how you do.† â€Å"See how – ? What's that supposed to mean?† Was the deal contingent on how good I was in bed? He smiled. â€Å"I'll get Nia to take you back. I have to mingle a bit more and will join you soon.† Nia arrived as if by magic and did exactly as he'd said. Once alone in his massive chamber, I paced restlessly, reconciling myself to sex with a full gentry. It would be easy. Nothing to it. I just had to lay there. Gentry didn't carry diseases like humans. I couldn't get pregnant. One night, and I could finally get revenge on that bastard Aeson and the smug look on his face. And yes, Dorian had been right: I'd be getting revenge on Kiyo too. Who knew? Maybe sleeping with Dorian would fill the terrible, aching hole Kiyo's betrayal had left in me. â€Å"Admiring the view?† asked Dorian when he finally entered. I stood by the huge picture window, staring at my own reflection in the dark glass. â€Å"I'm never here in daylight. I've never seen what it looks like.† â€Å"It's lovely. You'll see it in the morning.† I supposed I would. He took off the heavy robe, poured a glass of wine, and sprawled back on the pile of pillows on his bed. The move seemed less an initiation into sex and more of an expression of fatigue. He looked very ordinary. Very human. â€Å"You look tired.† I leaned against the bedpost, watching him. He exhaled heavily. â€Å"It's hard work amusing one's admirers – as you can no doubt attest to. How'd you like your first royal party? Tell me who you spoke to. Your night must have been more tedious than mine.† Gingerly, I sat on the bed's edge and recounted the night for him. I gave my opinions and offered up as many details as I could on my many solicitations. Names eluded me, but Dorian could identify the culprits pretty easily based on other identifying information. He laughed so hard at my accounts and opinions, I thought he'd start crying. Swinging himself up gracefully, he slid over on the satin coverlet to sit beside me. â€Å"You poor, poor thing. No wonder you like hunting us down. Although, I confess after my own equally inane experiences tonight, I might have a few names to give you.† â€Å"You shouldn't say things like that.† He shook his head and laughed. â€Å"Stay here long enough, and you'll say them too.† Those gold and green eyes watched me, glimmering with both affection and desire. For a moment, I could almost believe Dorian wanted me for me and not for my human fertility or connection to a prophecy. Resting his hand on the back of my neck, he kissed me, and I had no more time for questions. We'd kissed a lot by now, and his lips still held that same silky softness, that careful precision and control. I was used to this, and it warmed up every part of me, but tonight's inevitable conclusion loomed before me. My lips almost faltered but still managed to kiss him back. I could do this. It was easy†¦right? He gently lay me back on the bed, still kissing me as he rested his body partially across my own. The heat and weight of him triggered something pleasurable within me, even as some part of my brain suddenly started pining for Kiyo and recalling every bad thing I'd ever been taught about gentry. My breath quickened but not from passion. No, no, I chastised myself, forcing my body to not go rigid. This is Dorian. There's nothing to be afraid of. But I was afraid. This didn't feel right. I couldn't let myself do it, even though I knew there was no reason not to. I hung out with gentry now. I had titles. I wanted to learn their magic. I wanted to kill Aeson. And yet, somehow, some part of me refused to give into this final – Dorian broke away from me and sat up. â€Å"It's as I thought. You don't want to really do this. You're afraid of me.† I half sat up, propping on my elbow. Swallowing, I tried to breathe more steadily. â€Å"Didn't you say once that you wanted me to be afraid?† â€Å"Not this afraid. Besides, your heart is a bit muddled tonight.† He rose from the bed and casually poured another goblet of wine. Sipping from it, he walked over to the window and stared at the nothingness, just as I had earlier. â€Å"W-what are you doing?† â€Å"I told you before. I don't take women who don't want me.† He kept his back to me, but his voice held that usual carefree tone. Like everything was still just one big joke. I wondered if he was upset. I couldn't read him at all. â€Å"Er, wait†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I scrambled off the bed and grabbed his arm, nearly spilling the wine. â€Å"What are you saying? We have to do this. I swear, it doesn't matter. I want to do this. Really.† â€Å"Maybe. You don't look at me like you do the kitsune, but I've felt your desire before. It's a fleeting thing, though, and it can't quite win against that part of you that says not to submit to one of the shining ones.† â€Å"Maybe we can ignore that part.† He laughed and touched my cheek. â€Å"I adore you, you know that? I'm so happy I met you.† I swallowed, anxious and desperate. â€Å"Please, Dorian. I want to get Jasmine. We have to do this.† â€Å"We aren't doing anything like that. Not tonight, I'm afraid.† He walked away and sat back on the bed near the headboard, just as he had earlier. â€Å"I will, however, make you a deal. We will postpone our arrangement until you're ready. In exchange for this grace period, I add the further caveat that we won't go to Aeson until you've made some suitable progress with your magic.† I thought about our last couple of dismal lessons. â€Å"That might take awhile†¦.† â€Å"Then it takes awhile. Really, if you want every edge you can get to defeat him, you'll be better off knowing something about your power, even if it's small. Your weapons are strong, but if they're gone†¦then they're gone.† I wanted to fight him on this, to tell him I couldn't wait that long. Fuck the magic. Fuck my prudish resistance. We should get the sex over with and just grab Jasmine. But I knew he was right. On all levels. He didn't deserve my body without my mind being into it, and I did need every advantage I could get. â€Å"Well, then†¦can we practice tonight? Seeing as how nothing else is going on?† If I distracted myself, maybe I'd stop hurting for Kiyo. â€Å"No point in bothering with tact, eh? Very well, then, let's see what we can accomplish.† I dragged a chair into the middle of the room while Dorian produced some more cords from his never-ending supply. â€Å"Beige and violet,† he said, holding them up. â€Å"To match your dress.† â€Å"It's ‘champagne.'† He didn't tie my hands this time, but he did completely bind my torso. Again, he used intricate patterns as he worked, integrating unique braids and weaves. The purple silk crisscrossed around my breasts, and each time his hand brushed some sensitive part, a secret thrill would run through my body. What was the matter with me? If I could have these physical reactions, then why couldn't I have sex with him? The binding took forever, just like always. It made me so impatient, but Dorian clearly enjoyed it. He worked with infinite patience, careful of every weave and knot. When he finally finished, he stood back and surveyed me, just as he had the last two times. â€Å"Very nice,† he observed, eyes taking me in. A strange thought occurred to me as I sat there. I willingly let him do this to me, but really, it was a leap of faith. My arms might be free, but as he stood over me, I realized how helpless I was. How totally in his power I was if he wanted to abuse it. But he didn't. He never did. After blindfolding me, I heard him fetch the water pitcher from the other room. Once it was apparently hidden, he returned to the bed. I heard the bed shift under his weight, the sound of more wine pouring out. â€Å"Have at it,† he said. I focused just like I'd done in our last two lessons. My mind expanded, reaching out into the room, trying to find the water I supposedly had an affinity for. I repeated the same exercises, visualizing moisture and wetness. The way it felt and tasted. Yet, when I pointed to where I thought the water jug sat, he told me I was wrong. So I tried again. Three more times, to be precise. Failures each time. I heard him yawn. â€Å"Would you like to call it a night? I dare say this bed is big enough for us to sleep chastely in. Or, if you wish, I have no qualms about sleeping on the sofa in the other room.† â€Å"No,† I said stubbornly. â€Å"I want to try again.† â€Å"As you like.† Again, I went through the motions, hating them yet burning with need. I wanted to do this. I wanted to control the power. I might have failed at sex tonight, but I would not fail at – â€Å"It's there,† I said suddenly. â€Å"Where?† I pointed, and in my outstretched hand, I could almost feel something wet. It was so easy. How had I not noticed this before? â€Å"It's right beside you. Really close. If you're still lying on the bed, I'd say†¦elbow level. Maybe on the table.† He stayed quiet. â€Å"Well? I'm right, aren't I?† â€Å"Check the rest of the room.† My hopes crumbled. â€Å"I was wrong again.† â€Å"Just check. See if the water is somewhere else.† I didn't get his game. Why the vagueness? Had I found it or not? But I tried again, reaching out into the room. That spot near him pulsed to my senses. The water was there, I knew it. So what was this all about? Another spot suddenly called out to me. I reached for it without using my hands this time, and that same strong pulsing reached back. And with that sensation came a slight tingle, only a spark, but it whispered of the power I'd felt in the dream-memory. â€Å"Okay. Right by the door. On the floor, I think.† â€Å"Yes.† The response was surprisingly simple and clear. No jokes or games. â€Å"Right? I'm right? Really? You're not just messing with me so we can go to bed?† I heard his soft laugher as he walked to the door and then approached me. Taking my hand, he dipped it down into a ceramic pitcher, and I felt cool water slide over my hand. I laughed, ecstatic and empowered. I felt like splashing it on both of us. â€Å"So what'd I find the first time then? By the bed? It must have been something, judging from your reaction.† â€Å"Indeed it was.† He took the pitcher away, walked toward the bed, and returned to me. I felt his arm move toward me, and then the scent of something strong and fruity touched my nose. â€Å"The wine,† I realized. â€Å"I found the wine.† â€Å"Yes. Quite remarkable too, considering I'd almost drank it all.† He set the decanter down and untied my blindfold. â€Å"Now, my dear, it's time to go to sleep.† He knelt before me and started the tedious process of undoing all those ties and knots. I waved my free hands. â€Å"You want help?† He shook his head. I could smell the wine on him. â€Å"No. Leave me my simple pastimes, please.† â€Å"Are you drunk?† â€Å"Probably.† He worked steadily on freeing me from the cords, his fingers a little less precise than they'd been earlier. I again felt that strange chill over being so ensnared. Released at last, I stood up and stretched. â€Å"Can I have some of that?† I wanted to celebrate, and after weeks of good behavior, I realized I could safely drink here. Funny that the safest place for me now would be in a gentry's keep. He held up the decanter. There was probably only one glass left. He eyed it askance for a moment and then took off his shirt. Perplexed, I watched him walk over to the door and stick his head out. â€Å"Yes, sire?† I heard a voice say. â€Å"We need more wine!† declared Dorian in a booming voice. â€Å"Lady Markham and I have a lot more to do tonight.† â€Å"Right away, your majesty!† â€Å"Hurry, man. You have no idea how demanding she is. I can barely keep her satisfied as it is.† I heard boots running on the stone floor. Dorian shut the door and turned to me. â€Å"Your wine will be here shortly, and my prowess will no doubt be proclaimed throughout the castle.† I rolled my eyes at his show. â€Å"So did I pass the test?† â€Å"Hmm?† â€Å"You said I had to make progress in magic before we could go get Jasmine.† â€Å"Oh. That. Well, this wasn't exactly progress.† â€Å"The hell it wasn't.† He sat next to me on the bed. â€Å"You found the water. Now you have to do something with it. Your enemies won't be impressed when you inform them there's a lake just over the next hill.† I sighed. Great. â€Å"So what's the next step?† â€Å"Next you make the water come to you.† â€Å"Huh. Well. That at least sounds more exciting.† â€Å"Not really. Mostly we do exactly the same thing except you just sit around and try to make it move.† â€Å"You're the most boring teacher ever.† He grinned and gave me a quick kiss on the cheek, just as a knock sounded at the door. â€Å"It all depends on what you want me to teach you.†

Primary Government Contract Types

Primary Government Contract Types There are three primary types of government contracts: fixed price, cost reimbursable and time and materials. Fixed price contracts have a negotiated price that remains the same over the life of the contract so the amount you will be paid remains the same. Cost reimbursable contracts involve the government paying for the actual cost to complete the work. Cost reimbursable contracts have a variety of schemes for providing a fee or profit to the contractor. Time and materials contracts have agreed to rates for labor and materials that do not change over the contract and are billed as incurred. Time and materials contracts can have annual escalation rates incorporated in them to reflect increasing costs. Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF) A cost plus incentive fee contract is one where the vendor is reimbursed for costs incurred plus fee based on a formula tied to costs. The fee formula can vary and is normally designed to encourage the contractor to keep costs down. Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) A cost reimbursement contract where the objectives of the contract are determined to be completed by subjective means. The contractor receives reimbursement for their costs plus the award fee. Cost plus award fee contracts can not be used when cost plus fixed fee or cost plus incentive fee contract would be more appropriate. Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) A cost plus fixed fee contract reimburses the contractor for the cost incurred to complete the work plus a negotiated fixed fee. The fee does not change based on cost of the work. Cost is calculated based on actual amounts paid for labor and materials plus fringes, overhead and general and administrative rates. Fringe, overhead and general and administrative rates are computed annually and reflect the actual corporate costs. Many government contracts are cost reimbursable. Firm Fixed Price or FFP contracts have detailed requirements and a price for the work. The price is negotiated before the contract is finalized and does not vary even if the contractor needs to expend more or less resources than planned. Firm fixed price contracts require the contractor to manage the costs of the work in order to make a profit. If more work than planned is required then the contractor may lose money on the contract unless a contract modification is obtained. Firm fixed price contracts can also be more profitable if costs are closely managed. Fixed Price Contract With Incentive Fee Target (FPIF) The fixed price contract with incentive fee contract is a firm fixed price type contract (as compared to a cost reimbursable). The fee can vary depending on whether the contract comes in above or below planned cost. These contracts do contain a ceiling price to limit the government’s exposure to cost overruns. Fixed Price With Economic Price Adjustment Fixed price with economic price adjustment contracts are fixed price contracts but they contain a provision to account for contingencies and changing costs. An example is the contract may contain an adjustment for an annual salary increase. Time Materials contracts have rates negotiated before contract award for the cost by labor category and materials. As work is completed the contractor bills against the rates agreed to in the contract regardless of the actual cost. Know which contract type is planned in advance of submitting a proposal as well as during contract negotiations. Knowing the contract type allows you to plan the project and how best to manage it for success. Before a company can get a cost reimbursable contract it must have an approved accounting system.

The Netherlands Sarah (50th) Birthday Tradition

The Netherlands' Sarah (50th) Birthday Tradition When you celebrate your 50th birthday, some might see you as being over the hill. In contrast, the Sarah tradition in the Netherlands honors a woman gaining wisdom through experience. It is a milestone birthday that many look forward to. Many consider it a cause to have a huge party. Origin of the Sarah Birthday A tradition that hails from the Netherlands, the Sarah birthday is celebrated when a woman turns 50 and becomes a Sarah.  It means that shes old enough and wise enough to have seen Sarah, the biblical figure and wife of Abraham. Likewise, when a man turns 50, he is an Abraham, old enough to have seen Abraham. This tradition is taken from the Bible, particularly  John 8: 56-58. In this passage, Jesus is asked how he could have seen Abraham if he hadnt yet reached fifty. He surprised the inquisitive Jews by saying,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Truly,  truly, I say to you,  before Abraham was, I am.† Besides being Abrahams wife and a natural companion for seeing Abraham, Sarah is revered for having a baby at an older age. In Genesis 18:10-12, the Bible tells the story of her giving birth well past her childbearing years. Dutch Traditions for a Sarah Birthday The Dutch took this Bible passage and turned it into a longstanding tradition. A persons fiftieth birthday is seen as a great occasion, and there is typically a large party to celebrate. One of the best-known and visible parts of a Sarah birthday is placing a life-sized doll in the front yard of the person whos turning 50. It often appears overnight and is dressed and decorated by her family to represent her life and interests. Men have Abraham dolls appear, often dressed according to their occupation. Over the years, these dolls were similar to scarecrows people decorate their porches with on Halloween: simple, folksy human-sized figures sitting in a chair. In recent years, however, its not unusual to see giant inflatable Sarahs and Abrahams in yards. Some of these even reach heights that can rival the home itself. These dolls are often accompanied by a sign saying, Sara 50 jaar† or Abraham 50 jaar.†Ã‚  Jaar oud is Dutch for years old. It doesnt mean that someone named Sarah or Abraham lives there, just that someones celebrating their 50th birthday. Beyond the yard dolls, Sarahs may receive visitors dressed up as Sarahs with costumes and masks. Its also common to bake a Sarah cake, bread, or cookie in the shape of a female figure. Beyond the 50th Birthday The Dutch have taken this a step further and assigned a couple to each decade of a persons life after 50. At 60, you will have an Isaac or Elisabeth birthday.At 70, you will celebrate a Jacob or Anna birthday.At 80, its time for a Joseph or Deborah birthday.At 90, the party is all about Anthony or Ruth.If you are lucky to hit 100 years old, you have a Methusalem or Judith birthday to look forward to.

To what extent does organisational culture influence the degree of Essay

To what extent does organisational culture influence the degree of employee engagement in an organisation - Essay Example The significant aspect lies on the basis of these societal and industrial cultures bringing about an imperative basis for the organizational culture to exist in the most basic sense. One must understand that the organization cannot exist in seclusion and it has to remain in constant touch with the society in which it exists and the industry under which it finds competitors for its own selves and the strategic alliances, mergers and unities that form as a result of the same. (Deeks, 1993) Now the foundation lies merely on the manner under which the strategic and the tactical moves are adopted by this organization under study and how best it delivers towards the needs of the stakeholders, customers and employees working for the benefit of the organization itself, both from the short term perspective as well as an investment in the long run. Seeking to introduce something on the lines of the customer’s wants and needs is a difficult proposition for the organization since it has to change its values and cultural basis but then again is an interesting offering which more or less suggests the ‘changing’ regime of the organization and to the levels the organization can bend itself for the sake of the valued customer. (Hatch & Cunliff, 2005) The changing market structure might call for changing strategies and lines of action that would all target the people for whom the product is actually designed as well as the competitors with whom the clutter is being broken in the environs of the marketplace. (Massey, 2001) Thus competition brings in more and more quality at the end of the company with regards to its products as well as more sales in the form of its varied and changed stance on focusing towards the customers rather than the product itself. (Covin, 1999) Apart from that, emphasis on need must be the o rder of the day rather than bringing out more and more varied stock key units just for the

Chemistry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemistry - Assignment Example Question 1: En=-(13.6eV*z ²)/n ², because z=4 it can be written as En=-16*13.6eV / n ² ii) the dependence of quatum numbers n upon l is given by the following formula l=n-1 ÃŽ £2(2*l+1)=2* n ² iii) n=2 for beryllium, so l=1 and can not be 3 d) iii) energy emitted by photon: |Einf- E2|= 0+54.4eV=54.4 eV= 54.4*1.6*10^-19 [J]=8,7*10^-18 [J] 8,7*10^-18 [J] now we should express photon’s frequency from it’ energy: E=h*f => f=E/h f= 8,7*10^-18 [J]/6.63*10^-34 [J*s]=1.31*10^16 [1/s] 1.31*10^16 Hz is ultraviolet spectrum iv) the energy of the lowest energy photon which can be absorbed by beryllium ion is: E2-E1=-54.4eV+217.6=163.2 eV v) it could absorb a photon of a lower energy if its electron was on a higher energetic level i) E1=-16*13.6eV / 1=-217.6eV E2=-16*13.6eV / 4= -54.4eV E3=-16*13.6eV / 9 = -3.067eV Eoo=-16*13.6eV/inf = 0 Question 3 - because ΔH>0 (=29kJ) reaction is endothermic; - I2+Cl2 =2ICL (-29kJ) ΔH=2ΔHICL-ΔHCl2-ΔHI2; - equilibrium will not change as the number of molecules in the left part of the equation equals to the number of molecules in the right part of the equation: I2+Cl2 =2ICL 1+ 1=2 - because it’s endothermic reaction the increase of temperature will cause the shift of equilibrium to the right (forming of ICl); - the reaction will pass faster with the following rate lg (k^(T2/T1)) where k is the reaction rate coefficient; - the presence of catalyst will cause the reaction rate to increase, the equilibrium will cause the shift to the right (forming of ICl) as catalyst mainly reduces activation energy.

Red bull strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Red bull strategy - Coursework Example On January 2035 the executive of Red bull is from a seminar and he reflects back 20years back on the pivotal meeting he had with the management ranks in 2014. In that strategic period of time, Red bull has drastically undergone robust growth strides and is the biggest energy drink producing and merchandising company. Reed bull is now selling its products in every province, of each nation around the globe. The combining ratio of the corporation has become the envy of each company in the retail sector. Profitability of the organization has been increasing every year in the past 20 years, and the company has as a result attained a war chest that has put it in a position to acquire other small companies. The operational, and distribution models of Red bull regionally and internationally are platforms for the exercise and sharing of best practice worldwide. The models have improved Red bull’s efficiency through the implementation of automation and centralization and at the same tim e have devolved decision making to the location level of Red bull internationally. The highly advanced quality of production and customer involvement in the product formulation continue offering Red bull distinguished competitive advantage over its rivals. The Chief executive is contented that the actions he took for creation of the future in 2014 have bore excellent results. Red bull is a regional company that has its focus on retail services. In the year 2014, Redbull’s business experienced challenge from retailers that had the capability of merchandising regionally. The competition was experienced on a combined proportion, which made it very difficult for Red bull, a regional merchandiser to withstand. Red bull is capable of offering special products that are custom made for various segments of its market share. However, the cost of providing the special products adversely affects Red bull’s combined ratio, causing Red bull to

Children Today Essay Example for Free

Children Today Essay There are many factors which lead to the way children act today. The way a child is raised, is a reflection of the lack of respect which an adolescent embraces for their elders. Over time, generations of human beings have become more reliant on technology. This has made mankind lazy and uncultured, causing a reflection on our children. Also, there have been many laws which were set against structure in a childs life. Whether the child is at home, school, or with a care giver such as a â€Å"babysitter†, there are limits to how a child can be disciplined. However, when a child has a lack of authoritative parents, it often times produces the young ones disrespect for others. The powerful painting by Banksy entitled, Girl Patting Down Army Soldier, demonstrates role reversal between child and adult. The image clearly illustrates a young girl in a pink dress and pig-tails, patting down a strong, fierce soldier. Soldiers represent power and authority, and this little girl is taking over that roll. This, to an extent, is the way our generation of children are becoming. They believe they are equals with adults in this world. They do this by bossing their parents around, and disrespecting them day after day. The way our world uses technology is only part of the reason why our children are so ignorant today. In the past, parents would send their children outside to get their pride and joy out of their hair and to have some fresh air. Presently, they set their child in front of a television to watch a show or play a video game. Due to the fact that most parents do not monitor every show or game their child takes part of, many children begin learning how to act by observing what is on the television screen in front of them. The television show entitled, Toddlers and Tiaras, is a prime example of these types of shows. Here, children of various ages dress as though they are twenty years old, yet act the total opposite. Kids which are two and three yeas old talk back to their parents and constantly role their eyes at the people they love. There are also multiple children hitting their competition and parents when they do not get what they want. When any child watches this type of show, they often times will begin to mirror the negative behavior. In fact, according to Illinois State Medical Societys  experiment entitled, Monkey See Monkey Do, â€Å"In a matter of seconds, most children can mimic a movie or TV character, sing an advertising jingle or give other examples of what they have learned from watching media. These examples may include naming a popular brand of beer, striking a â€Å"sexy† pose, acting impolitely, or play fighting. Children only have to put a movie into the DVD player, flip through the channels, open a magazine, click on a web site, pop a video game into an X-Box or watch television to experience all kinds of messages. The impact of these messages can build slowly when children see and hear them over and over again.† Our youth today does not understand what is real and what is not on the T.V. If kids do not have guidance from their parents, they will most likely begin transforming into impolite little people. Therefore, parents need to not place their child in front of the television, but rather spend more time with them. Many kids care givers are also beginning to spend more time with their technology instead of their child. This is beginning to cause children to act up due to the fact they feel they are getting no attention. An article on The Washington Post entitled, Parents are ignoring their children for their Blackberry, stated, If youre taking [parental attention] away from the child, for what looks like it is not a good reason, kids might think, What am I doing wrong that my parents dont like me? and may start acting out to get their parents attention because they have a hard time distinguishing positive from negative attention. Although parents do not mean to push their child away and make them feel as though they are less important than their phone, they are. This is why our generation of kids are beginning to throw tantrums and are becoming more impolite. The laws which have been set against a childs punishment have changed tremendously over the past fifty years. This is a large factor of why our children have become so disrespectful to the people around them. In the past, teachers had the right to inflict corporal punishments on children. This is a form of discipline which ended around 1989 in Oregon. According to American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, corporal punishment is a method which a, â€Å"Supervising adult deliberately inflicts pain upon a child in response to a childs unacceptable behavior.† The purpose for this  type of punishment was to try to prevent non-tolerated actions to reoccur. It was meant to change their long-term behaviors and to show the child what was and was not acceptable. In current times, children can not be touched in any physical matter from any one other than their parent or guardian. This is because it is now illegal to physically harm kids. This law has led some children to understand they can get away with excessive amounts of negative behaviors due to the fact there are less ramifications that follow their unfavorable actions. Because of these laws, kids can not be disciplined to any amount which the state would find excessive. Therefor, when these kids become disrespectful, there is no possible way for the children to be disciplined by any teacher or caregiver. The law of non corporal punishment has effected our children to a point because they cannot be punished for their actions, making them more disrespectful. There are many parents who hold a lack of authority. This is part of what is producing our youths disrespect for others. An authoritative parent is someone who expects a lot from their child. They also have strict rules which they predict will be followed at all times. These parents are also a large part of child rearing. According to ChildRearingMatters.com, â€Å"The aim is always to bring?out?the best in each child, and to prevent and overcome difficulties.† In other words, parenting. When a childs parents lack this, their children in most cases, end up running the house. These children think they are their own parent. When this occurs, the adolescent ends up pushing their own parents around as well as the others around them. Many children today are becoming unexceptionably disrespectful to their elders and others around them. This is due to the way they are raised and brought up since birth. There are three main aspects which have created this issue which is occurring now. These include the number of parents relying on technology, the laws which protect children from any form of physical discipline, and the lack of authoritative parents which these children have. If the way our children are raised never changes, the issue of disrespect towards others is only going to worsen. Having respect for other is a large aspect of life. If children can not learn how to respect others, how are they supposed to respect themselves?

BURNING SPEAR: AFRICAN TEACHER :: Essays Papers

BURNING SPEAR: AFRICAN TEACHER Burning Spear has in the past 25+ years achieved many acclaims as a reggae musician. He is known to many as the African teacher; the elder statesman of reggae; a cultural ambassador; a preacher; a rastaman. The main themes incorporated into his music are the teachings of Marcus Garvey, African roots, Rastafarian beliefs, and consciousness, especially black consciousness. Spear's sound is said to be hypnotic and trance-like (Bloodlines, Davis and Simon, 1992, 53-55). His lyrics are simple, but the resonant sound of Spear's voice, along with the drum and bass, intensifies the listening experience to its fullest. His music is meant to be heard in every part of your body; to carry the listener to a higher state of being; to uplift. In Newsday, Elena Oumano wrote:"At its heights, reggae music transforms the loss rage and love of 2 million former slaves/colonials into"dread"consciousness, and international revolution of the mind against blind acceptance of the world as it is, rocking affir mation of the power of the underclass to elevate the human spirit,"(Oumano, 1991, p 17). Spear's reggae has, since the beginning, continued to reach this height. Winston Rodney, Burning Spear's Christian name, was born on March 1, 1945. He was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica (Messer, 1995, 1). Burning Spear was quoted to have said this about his background;"I'm not a man with a musical background. I was a flexible man who was there until Jah call I,"(qtd. in Messer, 1995, 2). He takes his name from the Kenya freedom fighter, Jomo Kenyatta, who was also called Burning Spear (Bloodlines, Davis and Simon, 1992, 54). Spear's musical career began in 1969 when he ran into Bob Marley deep in the outdoors of St. Ann's. It could be said that Marley and Spear were led to each other on that day in January. Marley was traveling to his farm via a donkey. Spear was headed the opposite direction. When their paths crossed, Bob brought his donkey to a halt and climbed down. The two began talking, and Bob rolled a spliff. They sat in the grass, smoking, talking of Rastafari, African roots, and reggae music. Burning Spear mentioned that he was interested in getting involved in the music business. Marley told Spear to go to Studio One, which was the label Marley had been working with and which Coxsone Dodd owned. Marley told Spear to tell the producers that he had sent him.

Microeconomics: Supply and Demand

Prices of Onion (Deshi and Indian) go up due to shortage of supply 1. Introduction: Microeconomic theory is perhaps the most important course in all economics and business programs. I am just trying to discuss about the role of theory or models in com/microeconomics-chapter-4/">microeconomics, discuss the basic methodology of economics, and distinguish between positive and normative analysis. Our main target in this assignment is to write an essay about microeconomics related topic which is published by the newspapers recently.After studying the newspaper I have got a microeconomic related topic which prices go up, as a result, demand will decrease. According to my previous study knowledge, I had some ideas about production cost, import cost, transportation cost and other ssimilar cost by which we can determine the cost and profit. After taking the microeconomic course, it seems to me that the scenario is different. Here we need not only production and other ssimilar cost and profit but also supply and demand, changing situation, income and substitution effect, equilibrium price, elasticity, cost behavior, market position etc..Here my selected product is Onions (Deshi and Indian). This is because; onions are one of the most important commodities of our daily meal. Recently the prices of onions go up in the retail market not only Deshi onion but also Indian onion. Retailer said that, the prices of local onion increased by Tk. 10 a kg and was selling at Tk. 70 a kg while the just harvested onion was retailing at Tk. 45 a kg and Indian onion at Tk. 40 a kg over the last week due to supply shortage.So that, I have decided to write an essay about onion (Deshi and Indian) where Indian onion is the substitute of Deshi onions including the demand and supply of onions, equilibrium price, effect on price, substitution and income effect, production function, elasticity, cost function and market structure of onion. 2. Data Collection: After studying the newspapers, I have found a microeconomic related topic that is, â€Å"Onion, flour, vegetables, fish prices go up† which is published by Financial Express on 15th December, 2012 and ‘Prices of onions, green chili skyrocket’ which is published by New Age on 22 December, 2012.So I have taken two commodity Deshi onion and Indian onion. For getting more information I visited 2 markets which is nearest of my area due to know about the supply and current and previous price and demand for two types of onions. a) Nayabazar Market b) Babubazar Market 3. Demand: 3. 1. Law of demand: We know that, consumer purchase more products when the price is lower and they buy fewer products at higher price where other things remain the same. We also know that, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demended according to the law of demand.